Roof
Coatings
General
Description
Roof
Coatings, White
White roof
coatings contain transparent polymeric materials, such as
acrylic, and a white pigment, such as titanium dioxide (rutile),
to make them opaque and reflective. Other white pigments
sometimes used are the anatase form of titanium dioxide, and
zinc oxide. These coatings typically reflect 70 to 80 % of the
sun's energy. Despite the white appearance, these pigments
strongly absorb the 5 % or so of the sun's energy which falls
in the ultraviolet. Thus, the pigments help protect the
polymer material and the substrate underneath from uv damage.
These
coatings are applied in thickness considerably greater than
typical white paints, ranging up to about 1 mm. Some of the
Oak Ridge data in the table show how the reflectance increases
with thickness. The substrate must be clean and compatible
with the coating system. The achievement of the very highest
reflectance values requires sufficient pigment and a smooth
substrate. If the substrate is already light in color, it can
be made highly reflective with less pigment (fewer coats).
To help
maintain the high reflectance of a freshly applied white
coating, several issues are important. A completely horizonal
roof, with ponding water after rain, is likely to become
quickly soiled, with a corresponding loss in reflectance. Of
course it is also very likely to fail by leaking! A mildewcide
additive can retard biological growth with its resulting
stains. There is some variation in how tightly dirt adheres to
coatings.
Roof
Coatings: Aluminum
Aluminum roof
coatings generally employ an asphalt-type resin containing
"leafing" aluminum flakes. The term leafing refers
to the tendency of the aluminum flakes to accumulate at the
exposed upper portion of the coating, which is accomplished
with specialized coatings on the flakes. Thus the upper
surface is a nearly continuous aluminum layer, which protects
the asphalt material from the sun's ultraviolet rays. The
aluminum flakes greatly enhance the solar reflectance over the
4 % value for bare asphalt, to above 50 % for the most
reflective coatings. The industry regards a visible
reflectance above 50 % as a bright coating. (For aluminum
coatings, it happens that the visible reflectance is roughly
equal to the solar reflectance. This is not true in general
due to the fact that about 1/2 of the solar energy content is
in the invisible near-infrared region.)
While the 50
% solar reflectance of a bright aluminum roof coating is a
great improvement over the performance of a black material,
the aluminum content has the offsetting effect of lower
infrared emittance.